MICROSCÓPIO DETONADO: Reformei e olha no que deu!

Today we are going to restore a microscope from the good old days. I need to tell you that I've loved microscopes since I was a little kid. My brothers and I had a children's microscope and then we got a kit where you could Assemble various optical instruments, like a spyglass, a kaleidoscope and even a microscope. There's a VHS video that my father recorded in 1989 that shows me when I was seven years old working with this microscope. So, I always dreamed of having a decent microscope here at Manual do Mundo, a professional Microscope that we could see things properly, that wasn't all dirty inside or difficult To arrange the sample down there. And such a microscope is very expensive. But These days I found out that there are some Brazilian sites that bring together several Antique stores and there you can buy things kind of like at an auction, whoever makes the best bid, takes it. I went in, bought a pan flute, one of those flutes made of bamboo, a typewriter that My daughters are freaking out about and this microscope here. It cost BRL 230. But, Iberê, let's talk the truth. Doens't Manual do Mundo had no money to buy a microscope? They've got all those cameras but they're too cheap to buy a microscope… Honestly, If I can buy a professional used microscope, if this microscope will be used in several Videos and more will yield a video of the microscope only… Why would I buy a new one? But come on, it's much bigger than I was when I was a kid. First, it's from Nikon, Which is a Japanese brand that makes cameras, it's a top brand. Second, its entire Structure is very strong and it has micro-adjustments, I can go up and down here, For example, using a big button and fine-tune using the tiny button. This adjustment Also works for the sample, check it out. Regardless of the quality of the lens, This here helps a lot when you find what you are looking for and when it comes to Focusing on the object. And there's even a whole light control down here that you Can better direct the light, you install a light under the microscope. These things Came all disassembled, I need to see if it will still work. So let's do this, at First this microscope doesn't even work. It's disassembled, the lens is broken, There are some parts that are so wobbly, and I'm going to try to make it good as New, it has to be an instrument that we use here in Manual do Mundo in the videos To show you things, ok? And at the same time, in this video, you take the opportunity To understand how a microscope works. Let's start with this piece that's loose, This is the eyepiece, it's where the lens that is closest to your eye is. It will Expand what was seen here by the objective. The lens is extremely dirty, let's disassemble It here. Oh, it has two lenses. The problem is if we don't memorize the position Of the lens and put it backwards. Does it make much difference? I'll clean it with isopropyl alcohol.

Look what a beautiful little thing. Here I already have a structure that I want to Remove. It's a wire that is in front of what you're seeing that serves to point Out something that's under the microscope. So, you fit a cell there, you're going To show it to a coworker, you say "look, it's exactly at that point, over there in The pointer", but for the Manual do Mundo videos we have editing, right? So this Is going to be more of a hindrance than a help. You think you cleaned it and it's just dirt. I'll take it all apart again. I'm going to use a paper here that is especially for cleaning camera lenses, it doesn't leave residue. It's improved a lot, but it's far from perfect. Whether this microscope is any good, I don't know. But it's good enough for us to see the dirt that's on the lens, yeah, see? I'll tell you… it's not perfect, but it's not embarrassing either. Come on, I think this is it. Inside that box there is a mirror because you look in the microscope like this, look. So something has to bend the light to your eye. I'll confess to you that, after I assembled it, a lot of dirt appeared that wasn't there before. I get the impression that when I screw it in, a lot of dust falls on top of the lens. I think that was it. Eyepiece, clean mirror. Just in case, I'm going to put aluminum foil here to protect this thing. The people who clean microscopes must hate me right now because I must be doing everything Wrong, but anyway, that's what I have to do now, what to do, right? It's pretty Dirty here too, this part that rotates is called a revolver and here you can select Which lens, which objective lens you're going to use up front. Each objective has A different magnification. In this microscope here, 4, 10, 40 and 100. But this Is multiplied by the capacity of the eyepiece, and I have no idea how much that is, But usually it's 10, 15… If it is 10, for example, 100 will become a thousand, It will magnify 1,000 times. Usually, we don't need all of that. One thing we notice Here is that it is 100 and has already been replaced, it is not the original lens Of this microscope, it is different from the others. How do I know if this thing Is clean? It even comes with a spring, probably because people accidentally touch The sample. We're going to have to do a test here, I'm going to put the eyepiece And see if I can see anything. If I can see it, it doesn't mean that the microscope Is good because these other pieces here, look, it's shaky, everything's a little Rusty, I don't know, it's peeling, I have to deal with it.

Ah, I knew this little key of mine would one day be of some use. And then you find out why they sell this microscope in the store for that price, because The screw is stripped and you'll never get the screw out. Ah, it fits, you won't need to remove the screw because it fits without having to remove all the screws. Okay, look at that beauty. It needs a lot of light for the microscope to work and that's why it has this wire. Because underneath there is a bulb. 110 volts, 30 watts. Of course it came without a bulb, right? And now I need to confess something to you. As soon as this microscope arrived I went to see if the bulb was working, I found Out that it wasn't and I went to look on the internet for the model of the bulb. Do you know how much it costs? BRL 600. But we have one from a sewing machine Here that might be useful, which cost about 10 reais. Look, it's not 30 watts, it's 15 watts, half, but… it fits. Cross your fingers for me. Look at the little light coming out of here, let's put something there to see, a piece Of paper just so we can have an idea if this works in any way. Ah, I need to show you the paper fibers. Look how beautiful. This is at a fourfold magnification. That's right? No, it's on 10. Let's put it on four to see. Yeah, guys… I'm starting to think I got it right when I bought this microscope, see? Look at the cellulose fibers over there in number 40. The problem is that now, as I'm not using that little glass plate that I'll remember The name of in a moment, the texture is very 3D, it has to be flatter. So, it blurs the highest part, the depth of focus is very short for the microscope, So, that's why things have to be in very thin slides for you to be able to focus Everything. But just looking a little bit, I think we have a hell of a machine in Hand. Let's fix it right. One of the great secrets of microscope repair is to change The sleeves. I'm going to put aluminum foil on this plate because I want it to reflect The light. So, it goes under the light when I close the microscope here to see if It increases the illumination a little bit. I think it made a difference, yes, see? I want to remove this lens that is underneath that concentrates the light rays, it's dirty… What we see does not pass through this lens, okay?

It's just going to throw the light in the exact place of the sample that I'm seeing, But it's good to be clean, right, since we're giving a general treatment with the microscope… It's time to work on this weird little piece here, it's the condenser and its function Is to throw light exactly the way we want it on the sample that's being analyzed under the microscope. So, here it has a blue filter, I don't know if all condensers have this blue filter, But this light that we are shining is very yellowish. So, it will neutralize that a bit, it also has a set of lenses that will focus the Light and a diaphragm, it can open and close as if it were a camera, check it out! There are many blades that close and open. This is very similar to our iris, our Eye. When there is a lot of light, we close. When there is little light, we open. Now it's clean, clean. The condenser goes in this piece that lets us zoom in and out of the sample. This here serves as a kind of focus, but it came loose, it wasn't attached here. Including the screw that holds God knows where it is. So, I'm going to take this thing out and try to put the screw in. Look how beautiful, this here is the gear that makes this mechanism go up and down. It's very bulky, very well made, you have a lot of focus control, it's nice until You spin it up and down there and you realize it's robust. Once again it proves That maybe I got a good deal. Now there's a screw hole there that I'm going to have to try to fit a non-microscope screw. I think the screw was there the whole time, I didn't see it. It's one of those allen wrench screws where the screw fitting is inside the screw, more or less like this one, look! Its socket is here, you can't even see it, it has no head. That was it. There are two screws here that are almost stripped. If I force it a Little more, the screw wears out and, then, it will never come out again. So, I'm Going to try to maintain it without removing this stage, I'm going to remove the Parts that are stuck in it. This here is one of the most important things about The microscope because they move the sample, you have vertical and horizontal control, Or better, X and Y of the sample. You can move it forwards, backwards, to the side And to the other. So, if you're looking there, you see a cell, "Wow, I wish it was A little bit over there". In a simpler microscope, you have to put your finger, Adjust it with your hand and such. In this one, no. You go through these two buttons. That's the problem here, look. The piece is completely loose, I'm praying that Just tightening the screw will fix it. Screw tightened… Just as if it were new.

This stage is disgusting, huh? I can't spray straight on there because it will get on the lens. I'm going to apply a little oil with the toilet paper. Honestly, I don't even know if what I'm doing is recommended, applying this oil to everything, but it cleans well. If I remove the residue afterwards, the thing is shiny, real chic. I'll take the Opportunity to clean the base, you know, because it's also full of things here. Look, the last maintenance was done in 2007. It's been 16 years. If you're watching this video and you're under 16, this happened before you were born. These little grips that will hold the sample are called tweezers, but I couldn't find The name of the buttons that control the position of the tweezers. Let's reinstall it. With great care… The people who maintain microscopes will be complaining, but there's a thing, your Profession is being valued in this video here, see? Because I'm going to say that it's not easy, no. Theoretically, it's looking great, everything is working properly. The lenses are relatively clean, I removed all that was dirt from the machine in general, The misalignments that were happening here are not happening anymore… and I'll show you what that knob was for. On both sides, we have these big wheels, they are used to raise or lower the stage. This here is the microscope table. If I move the big knob that is the macrometric adjustment, it will go down a lot and That will make it possible for me to focus. But it also has a fine adjustment that Is the micrometric adjustment, which is done in these two knobs that are on the outside, They are the smaller knobs. This makes a lot of difference when focusing the microscope. And here's another wheel, which I just found out what it's for, it makes these other knobs easier or harder to turn. So, I can leave it very loose here, look, as I tighten it, it gets harder and harder To turn, at the same time it takes more to move it. How did I not have something like it before in my life? It is very cool. Something very important is missing. This microscope is not exactly For me. If there's one pleasure I have in my life, it's showing you things. When I travel, I want to take a picture to show it, when I do an experience, I want to Show it. I want you to learn together. And I can't take each one of you by the Hand and bring you to look with your own eyes into the microscope. I'll have to Find a way to record what's going on in here. So, something that we've wanted to Do for a long time in Manual do Mundo is to build a support to fit the cell phone

Here in the microscope eyepiece, fit the lens exactly and make it easy to record. Because every time we try to do this it's a lot of improvisation, it's a lot of Trial and error. And then, yes, you will be able to see a pencil line very close And it is very beautiful. What I'm thinking of doing is the following, attaching A piece here to the microscope tube, to the barrel, the name of this barrel here, And it will support the cell phone. The problem is that I have to have a fine adjustment Of the cell phone, I have to have an adjustment for it to go backwards, forwards, And I don't want to be doing a kludge. You have to adjust the screw. The microscope Is all well adjusted, I'm not going to put the cell phone any which way, right? The Repair phase is over, the design phase has begun. I'm going to design the parts to cut with the laser and I'm using Autodesk Fusion Here, which is a software that we already taught how to use in the Manual Maker course. But let's agree that the person who really knows how to teach technology over the Internet is Alura who is with us in this video. They are simply the largest online Technology school in Brazil, and have complete courses in programming, data science, Design and even innovation and management. And the cool thing about all of this is that the focus is on the skills you'll need in real life, no fluff. It's perfect for anyone wanting to boost their resume or even find a new area to pursue As a career. To access the courses, get to know them, just click on the link in The video description and by entering here you still have a 10% discount on all the Plans that Alura offers. And I'm sure that if you join, you'll want to take more Than one course. No problem because if you register with Alura, you have access To all the courses that the platform offers. And look, there are more than a thousand. Check it out, I'm sure you'll like it a lot. I'll confess to you that this is one of the tasks that I think is the coolest thing To do, which is to design something that will be built from scratch. The detail Is that the laser cuts in 2D, and I have to think in 3D. So I'm racking my brains How to do this. The first support that we are going to build is just a prototype, To see if everything fits together, if it is not going to be too heavy, too big, Clumsy, if it will fit on the microscope, if there are no pieces that will bump into Each other. And as we assemble it, we realize that yes, there are a series of small Corrections that need to be made. Let's go back to the design. And now I have to Pay close attention because I don't want to take it to the laser a third time. So, We have to calculate every detail. A really cool thing I'm doing here, which will

Remain as a learning experience, is a fitting for the nut, it will be kind of stuffed Inside the MDF and won't come out anymore. This makes it possible for you to turn the screw and push the cell phone back and forth. If you compare the two versions, you will see that we have evolved a lot. But all this pyrotechnics is useless if it doesn't work at the right time, right? Let's go! Recording here for you, look at the focus of the microscope. Look what a beautiful thing, this here is paper marked with pencil. Cool! As I change the light down there, it completely changes what you're seeing on the screen. You can observe the paper fiber in a very different way. I can dim the light too… Guess it was worth every second spent on that thing, huh? But I'm at the minimum Magnification of the microscope, I'm going to put a step forward here. It's focusing, look! It gives the impression that the graphite is a grease that was passed over the paper, You can see here that the pencil wore out the moment it passed. I'm going to try To zoom in one more time, but now there's a little light missing. Oh no. There Is no lack of light, no. But the focus is extremely short, you can already see the Fibers of the paper. You can focus one and blur the other. Let's try to go at the Maximum zoom of the maximum right now. Yeah, it's pretty hard to see anything here. Look how important it is to have control over the focus here, but I don't know if My lens that's up front is already a little dim, at this degree of magnification It doesn't look any better, it gets a little blurry. Now here's the thing, maybe it was even easy to overhaul the microscope and support the cell phone. The next step is to prepare the samples. We have to find a way to see what we want to see. For this, I bought a box that has two types of glass, the slides, which are these Big ones, and the coverslips, it's a very small glass that goes on top. I'm going To confess that I don't know how to do this right, okay? I got a piece of Manacá Leaf here, some beard hairs, mosquitoes… I place the sample on top of the slide, A drop of water and the coverslip on top. Let's start looking at the Manacá flower, I hope from the bottom of my heart that I can see at least one small cell there, its shape, let's see… Look, I put it here, I fasten it, I already messed with the cover slip by accident, I messed it up, I put the microscope at the lowest magnification.

This is a minimum magnification, I think we will be able to see the cell, yes. Look, there are the cells! Pretty little thing, let's zoom in one more time. Look at the little plant cells here! If a microscope can see a cell, it's all right. Beard hair. Look how delightful to be able to use this little instrument here at the end. This here is the hair root, this is minimal magnification, crazy stuff, let's get closer. Can we see the scales on the hair? The scales, no, but we can see that it's very Transparent, right? The focus is so short that you can focus on the top of the hair and not the bottom. It's crazy. We can even see the masking tape structure here too. Look, you've never Seen masking tape under a microscope… Dried mosquito. Look at this! There's a structure here in front, on the face of the mosquito, which is so crazy That I don't know the name, but it's these little hairs here. Let's search for the name. It's the bristles. With them, the males detect the vibration of the female's wing, locating the partners. And, for females, the bristles have a tactile function, they help the animal to feel The human skin to see if it is suitable to bite, if it is free of hair and smooth. And here you can see these bristles perfectly right on the mosquito's face. This one is the mosquito's bottom, all hairy. Did you know that mosquitoes had that Much fur? I separated two wings, let's see the structure of the wing. Look, there Are things that at the minimum magnification are already very beautiful. It's mixed With a foot over there, right? You can see, but look how beautiful the wing is. I can see the little hairs on the end of it. Let's add more magnification. Wow! The image is absurd. Look at the tip of the wing. I think I'm almost seeing a cell there already. Let's get more. This is the tip of the wing. Look, this is crazy. This kind of skeleton that it has inside the wing also has hair. Are you realizing the importance of me having fine control of the sample? I can bring the wing back and forth very smoothly here. Now, yes, let's see the hairs on the leg of the mosquito. Just look! These scratches you see are the boundary between air and water. It's not a very well-prepared sample, but here at the 40 magnification you can clearly

See the hair on its leg. It even manages to focus on some and blur others. Uow! I changed the light, changed everything. Let's go back, let's go back to the wing. Look how different the image is, now we can see much more color. Guys, I don't Know about you, but I'm thrilled to see this, seriously, I swear. It is a type of Technology that human beings have access to not so long ago. Of course I'm going To give my blood for this video, I can't show it up close because otherwise I'll Get a strike here on YouTube, but I'm making a small hole in the tip of my finger And putting it there. Look at the tiny blood bubbles. Are these red blood cells? Are they red blood cells? Let's zoom in more here. If this isn't worth a thumbs up, I don't know what's worth a thumbs up. They are sliding there in a part of the blood that is still liquid. Look how cool the variation is in the image as I change the light here. This image is completely different from the one here. But it was worth every penny for that microscope. You can see this bulged part of the red blood cell because this cell is more or less The shape of a coin with the middle half concave. So, we can see this very well here under the microscope, it's really crazy. The mad race of red blood cells here. There's a lot of red blood cells. Look how beautiful it is! And the light here makes a lot of difference, huh? Guys, renovated microscope, we made the whole support for the cell phone, it was very Good, then we prepared the samples… Let's tell the truth, shall we? It was really Cool to have done all this here. I hope we see this microscope more often in Manual do Mundo. Yes, we just opened a new channel. The idea is to put on there the best moments of Manual do Mundo that you may have missed because we have already published more than 2,000 videos over 15 years. There are things that I myself do not remember that I did. So, to make it easier to find, so you can watch things you've never seen Before, we created this really cool channel. To sign up, just click on the card On the side or search for Canal de Cortes do Manual do Mundo.